Selasa, 16 September 2008

WIT KLAPA (Saka Oyot Tekan Wohe, Migunani)

Klapa utawa basa botanine disebut Cocos Nucifera Linn, akeh banget pigunane tumrap kabutuhan kita ing alam donya iki. Kajaba woh, kayu (wit), godhong utawa blarak, oyote uga migunani tumrap kita. Nanging apa panjenengan wis pirsa saka ngendi asale tanduran klapa kuwi.

Sejarah lan Asal-Usule Klapa

Nganti wektu iki isih dadi eyel-eyelan dening para alhi ngenani asal-usule tanduran klapa. Eyel-eyelan iki disebabake klapa pancen wus suwe dikawuningani lan dimanfaatake dening menungsa ing sadhengah negara ana donya iki. Tanduran jenis Palma iki akeh tinemu ana dhaerah tropis utawa daerah sing hawane panas. Lan anane wit klapa ing dhaerah tropis iki uga wis dikawuningani wiwit jaman pra sejarah. Tanduran klapa uripe ana dhatara rendhah lan pinggir pesisir.

Miturut ahli botani sing asmane Reyne ana tulisan ing pustaka sanskerta, tanduran klapa wus dikawuningani ing tlatah India nalika wiwitan taun Masehi lan bisa uga 500 taun sadurunge taun Masehi. Miturut Yule lan Burnell, bangsa Portugis nyebut klapa kanthi jeneng quoquos, dene bangsa Italia nyebut kanthi jeneng coche (Pigafetta).

Salah sawijining ahli botani sing asmane Beccari nganaake klasifikasi anyar kanthi adhedhasar fosil sing tinemu ana New Zealand, yakuwi:

  1. Klapa sing ana Amerika Tengah lan Amerika sisih kidul kalebu jinis Genera cocos.
  2. Klapa sing tinemu ana Afrika sisih kidup lan Madagaskar kalebu jinis Jubaiopsis caffera lan Baccaiophoenix madagaskriensis.
  3. Dene klapa sing ana Asia Tenggara klebu Cocos nucifera.

Adhedhasar klasifikasi iku tuan Beccari kagungan anggepan yen klapa (Cocos nucifera) sing duweni varitas sing werna-werna asale saka kepulauan Polinesia.

Jinise Klapa

Umume klapa bisa dipantha dadi telu, yaiku:

  1. Jinis Genjah utawa Nana (Short or Dwarf Habit) sing duwe sifat cepet awoh, udakara 3-4 taun wis awoh. Amarga wite cilik saengga saben sahektare bisa ditanduri akeh. Kadhar kopra cendhek, kadhar lengane 65% saka bobot aking daging woh. Ukuran woh cilik nanging uwohe akeh.
  2. Jinis klapa Jangkung utawa Typica (Tall Habit) yaiku klapa sing akeh ditandur. Sifate wit klapa jinis iki luwih kuwat lan luwih dhuwur, wiwit awoh umur 6-7 taun. Kadhar kopra luwih dhuwur tinimbang klapa Genjah.
  3. Jinis Aurantica (Semi Tall Habit). Sifat-sifate antara klapa genjah lan klapa jangkung.

Kajaba jinis-jinis iku isih ana jinis hybrida, sing asil saka kawinan antarane klapa jinis genjah lan klapa jinis jangkung, yaiku KHINA-1, KHINA-2 lan KHINA-3 tegese Kelapa Hibrida Indonesia, asil kala Balai Penelitian Kelapa. Yen kahanane normal klapa hibrida bisa dipanen umur 4 taun.

Panen utawa pamethiking woh

Methik woh klapa bisane saben 1-3 wulan sepisan. Woh klapa mateng sawise umur 12 wulan dietung saka wiwit penyerbukan. Woh klapa diarani wis mateng / tuwa yen warna kulite soklat lan garing.

Biasane yen sajanjang woh klapa wis ana sing tuwa siji utawa loro, janjangan utawa dhompolan woh mau wis bisa dipanen kabeh.

Woh klapa kabeh bisa diolah wiwit saka sepet (kulit), bathok klapa, banyu klapa dan dagine.

(Sumber:Puthu Aryana/DL 06 taun XXXVII)

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